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Qué son las cookies

por | Oct 3, 2020 | Uncategorized | 1.467 Comentarios

cookies-que-son

Cualquier persona que navegue por internet se habrá topado en infinidad de ocasiones con las cookies de la red. Archivos informáticos que los sitios web instalan en nuestros navegadores para recopilar información y datos acerca de nuestro comportamiento en los mismos. Hace no demasiado tiempo, los sitios web tenían la capacidad de instalarlas en nuestros navegadores por el mero hecho de navegar en ellos. Pero la LOPD y las demás normativas de protección de datos han cambiado eso. Veamos en detalle qué son las cookies.

Qué es una cookie informática

Como apuntábamos antes, las cookies son pequeños archivos informáticos creados por los sitios web y que poseen determinados datos enviados desde el servidor de los mismos hasta el navegador. Fueron creadas en el año 1994 con una finalidad muy clara: poder mantener relleno un carrito de compras. Antes de que las cookies existieran, si abandonabas un ecommerce con un carrito lleno y volvías a entrar, estaba vacío. Hoy, y gracias a lo que es una cookie informática, puedes retomar la compra.

Pero en la actualidad, las utilidades de las cookies se han diversificado muchísimo. Hoy son una fuente muy provechosa de información para las empresas digitales. Después de todo, les proporciona información sobre los usuarios, sus comportamientos y sus acciones. No obstante, es importante entender que la cookie no da información sobre una persona sino sobre un usuario en un navegador concreto. Para identificar al usuario, los sitios web utilizan estrategias para recabar información personal.

Para qué sirven las cookies

Entonces, ¿para qué sirven las cookies? En esencia, tras de ver lo que hemos visto, podemos concluir que las cookies tienen dos objetivos principales. Por un lado, permite a las empresas recabar datos muy útiles a la hora de optimizar el sitio web, los productos y muchas otras cuestiones. Es decir, las empresas explotan la enorme variedad de datos que aportan las cookies para volverse más competitivas. Datos, no lo olviddemos, que en muchos casos son personales. De ahí las barreras impuestas por la LOPD.

Sin embargo, y pese a las restricciones impuestas por las nuevas normativas, debemos tener en cuenta que las cookies también tienen la finalidad de mejorar la experiencia de los usuarios. Poder retomar un carrito de la compra, en lugar de tener que rellenarlo de cero, es solo una de tantas utilidades que hacen que alguna que otra cookie nos haga la vida más sencilla como internautas. Lo importante es saber qué es una cookie de seguimiento y aceptar aquellas que consideramos relevantes para nosotros.

Qué son las cookies y cómo se borran

Una vez aceptamos una cookie, esta comienza a recopilar información acerca de lo que hacemos en el sitio web que la generó. Es importante tener en cuenta que la cookie no puede almacenar información de lo que realizamos en ningún otro entorno que no sea el sitio web que la instaló en nuestro navegador. Como hemos indicado antes, y desde la entrada en vigor del RGPD y la LOPD, son los usuarios quienes deben aceptarlas para que funcionen. Eso es lo que significa aceptar cookies.

¿Pero qué ocurre cuando las queremos borrar? ¿Es posible? Por supuesto. Es diferente en cada navegador, pero principalmente debemos acudir al historial de navegación. Allí tendremos la opción de eliminarlo todo o de eliminar exclusivamente las cookies. Podemos seleccionar algunas específicas o todas ellas. Hacemos clic en Aceptar y listo. Ahora ya sabes qué son las cookies y cómo se borran. Eso te proporciona un mayor control acerca de los datos que cedes a las empresas de internet.

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